Driving a robot using Mecanum drive
Mecanum drive is a method of driving using specially designed wheels that allow the robot to drive in any direction without changing the orientation of the robot. A robot with a conventional drivetrain (all wheels pointing in the same direction) must turn in the direction it needs to drive. A mecanum robot can move in any direction without first turning and is called a holonomic drive.
Mecanum wheels
The wheels shown in this robot have rollers that cause the forces from driving to be applied at a 45 degree angle rather than straight forward as in the case of a conventional drive. You might guess that varying the speed of the wheels results in travel in any direction. You can look up how mecanum wheels work on various web sites on the internet.
Code for driving with mecanum wheels
Here's a sample program that shows the minimum code to drive using a single joystick and mecanum wheels. It uses the RobotDrive object that is available in both C++ and Java so even though this example is in C++ similar code will work in Java. The idea is to create the RobotDrive object with 4 PWM ports for the 4 speed controllers on the robot. The joystick XY position represents a direction vector that the robot should follow regardless of its orientation. The twist axis on the joystick represents the rate of rotation for the robot while it's driving.
Thanks to FRC Team 2468 in Austin, TX for developing this example.
Updating the program for field-oriented driving
I would be remiss in not mentioning that there is a 4th parameter to the MecanumDrive_Cartesian() method that is the angle returned from a Gyro sensor. This will adjust the rotation value supplied, in this case, from the twist axis of the joystick to be relative to the field rather than relative to the robot. This is particularly useful with mecanum drive since, for the purposes of steering, the robot really has no front, back or sides. It can go in any direction. Adding the angle in degrees from a gyro object will cause the robot to move away from the drivers when the joystick is pushed forwards, and towards the drivers when it is pulled towards them - regardless of what direction the robot is facing!
The use of field-oriented driving makes often makes the robot much easier to drive, especially compared to a "robot-oriented" drive system where the controls are reversed when the robot is facing the drivers.
Just remember to get the gyro angle each time MecanumDrive_Caresian() is called.
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